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+====== Key Points ======
+Arythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia has BOTH:
+    * fat in RV wall
+    * wall motion abnormality
+===== Signs of Right Heart Dysfunction =====
+  * Straightening or reversal of intraventricular septum
+  * Dilitation of right ventricle
+  * Collapse of R ventricular free wall
+===== Radiology Signs of Hemodynamically Significant Stenosis =====
+  * Collaterals
+  * Post-stenotic dilitation
+  * Parvus tardus waveform
+  * Aliasing
+  * Differential enhancement
+===== CXR Signs of Pericardial Effusion =====
+  * Globular, flask, or water-bottle shaped heart
+  * No significant pulmonary venous congestion
+  * Loss of retrosternal clear space
+  * Fat-pad sign - Oreo sign
+  * Seprataion of retrosternal fat from epicardial fat line > 2mm (15%)
+  * Co-existent pleural effusions (1/3)
+===== Abnormal Catheter Locations on Lateral =====
+  * Internal mammary vein - anterior
+  * PAPVR - middle
+  * L SVC - middle (towards coronary sinus)
+  * L superior intercostal - posterior
+===== Causes of Ascending Aortic Aneurysms =====
+  * Post-stenotic dilitation
+  * Mycotic
+  * Syphilitic
+  * Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm
+  * Cystic medial necrosis (see below)
+===== Cystic Medial Necrosis =====
+  * KEY FINDING is an aneurysm that crosses the **sinotubular junction**
+  * Annuloaortic ectasia is the buzzword
+  * Tulip-bulb appearance
+  * Predominantly associated w/ Marfan's
+===== LV Aneurysms =====
+^ True                              ^ False                              ^
+| Wide Base                         | Narrow Neck                        |
+| Delayed Enhancement of Myocardium | Delayed Enhancement of Pericardium |
+| More Common                       | Less Common                        |
+| Anterolateral Wall                | Posterior Wall                     |
+| Treated w/ Anticoagulation        | Treated Surgically                 |
+====== Differentials ======
+===== Infiltrative Disorders of Myocardium =====
+  * Lymphoma
+  * Sarcoid
+  * Glycogen Storage Diseases
+  * Amyloid
+===== Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy =====
+  * Idiopathic
+  * HTN
+  * Aortic Stenosis
+  * Coarctation
+===== Cardiac Masses =====
+  * Thrombus - most common
+  * Metastases
+    * breast
+    * lung
+    * melanoma
+    * lymphoma
+    * sarcoma
+  * Primary benign masses
+    * Myxoma (adults, atrial septa)
+    * Hemangioma (lightbulb enhancement)
+    * Rhabdomyoma (children, regress by adulthood, free wall of RA)
+    * Lipoma
+  * Primary malignant masses
+    * Sarcoma
+    * Rhabdomyosarcoma (children)
+  * Vascular extension of tumor
+    * RCC, HCC, ACC, endometrial, Wilm's
+      * Intrachamber involvement
+    * Lung CA
+      * Pulmonary vein extension
+  * Valvular masses
+    * Elastofibroma
+    * Myxoid degeneration
+    * Vegetations
+===== Pericardial Effusion =====
+  * Serous
+    * uremia, CVD, myxedema
+  * Bloody
+    * infarct, trauma, neoplasm
+  * Purulent
+    * bacterial, viral, TB
+===== Small Cardiac Silhouette =====
+  * COPD
+  * Hypovolemia
+  * Addison's disease
+===== Pulmonary Artery Stenoses =====
+  * Takayasu's
+  * Chronic PE
+  * Fibrosing mediastinitis
+  * Webs
+===== Causes of PA Pseudoaneurysms =====
+  * trauma
+  * iatrogenic
+  * mycotic
+===== Causes of Pulmonary HTN =====
+  * Precapillary - obstruction in the central PAs from thromboembolism, tumor, or hypoplastic PAs
+  * Capillary - interstitial lung dz, COPD, pneumonectomy, primary pulmonary HTN, Eisenmenger, and widespread airspace disease such as atelectasis, pneumonia, tumor
+  * Postcapillary - LV failure, restrictive cardiomyopathy, mitral stenosis, hypoplastic left heart, pulmonary veno-occlusive dz, and fibrosing mediastinitis
+====== Facts ======
+===== Constrictive Pericarditis =====
+  * Thickened pericardium (does not have to be calcified)
+  * Cone-shaped RV
+  * D-shaped LV
+  * Paradoxical motion of intraventricular septum
+  * Sigmoid configuration of intraventricular septum
+===== Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) =====
+  * Asymmetric septal hypertrophy
+  * Systolic anterior motion of mitral valve
+===== Myocardial Ischemia/Infarct =====
+==== Patterns of Enhancement ====
+  * Endocardium - infarct
+  * Epicardium - inflammatory process such as sarcoid
+==== Ischemia ====
+  * Has decreased early enhancement
+  * No delayed enhancement
+==== Infarct ====
+  * Initial Perfusion Defect
+  * Delayed Hyperenhancement (10-15 min delayed images)
+  * Cine Imaging with Corresponding Wall Motion Abnormality
+===== Moderator Band =====
+  * One of the trabeculae carneae in the right ventricle of the heart
+  * Carries part of the right branch of the AV bundle from the septum to the anterior papillary muscle on the opposite wall of the ventricle
+===== Holt-Oram Syndrome =====
+  * ASD and absent radius
+===== Coronary Artery Anomalies =====
+  * L main origin from R leaflet
+  * L main origin from PA (ALCAAPA - Anomalous Left Coronary Artery Arising from Pulmonary Artery)
+  * L main arises from R leaflet and travels anterior to PA
+    * Seen in congenital heart disease such as Tetralogy